70-640 Exam

QUESTION 1
You work as the network administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
ABC.com. All servers on the ABC.com network run Windows Server 2008.
Only one Active-Directory integrated zone has been configured in the ABC.com domain. ABC.com
has requested that you configure DNS zone to automatically remove DNS records that are
outdated.
What action should you consider?

A. You should consider running the netsh /Reset DNS command from the Command prompt.
B. You should consider enabling Scavenging in the DNS zone properties page.
C. You should consider reducing the TTL of the SOA record in the DNS zone properties page.
D. You should consider disabling updates in the DNS zone properties page.

Answer: B

Explanation: In the scenario you should enable scavenging through the zone properties because
scavenging removes the outdated DNS records from the DNS zone automatically. You should
additionally note that patience would be required when enabling scavenging as there are some
safety valves built into scavenging which takes long to pop.

Reference: http://www.gilham.org/Blog/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?List=aab85845-88d2-4091-8088-
a6bbce0a4304&ID=211

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QUESTION 2
You work as the network administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
ABC.com. All servers on the ABC.com network run Windows Server 2008.
The ABC.com network has a server named ABC-SR15. You install the Active Directory
Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) on ABC-SR15.
Which of the following options can be used for the creation of new Organizational Units (OU’s) in
the application directory partition of the AD LDS?

A. You should run the net start command on ABC-SR15.
B. You should open the ADSI Edit Microsoft Management Console on ABC-SR15.
C. You should run the repadmin /dsaguid command on ABC-SR15.
D. You should open the Active Directory Users and Computers Console on ABC-SR15.

Answer: B

Explanation: You need to use the ADSI Edit snap-in to create new OUs in the AD LDS
application directory partition. You also need to add the snap-in in the Microsoft Management
Console (MMC).

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QUESTION 3
You work as the network administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
ABC.com. All servers on the ABC.com network run Windows Server 2008.
The ABC.com network has two domain controllers ABC-DC01 and ABC-DC02. ABC-DC01 suffers
a catastrophic failure but it is causing problems because it was configured to have Schema Master
Operations role. You log on to the ABC.com domain as a domain administrator but your attempts
to transfer the Schema Master Operations role to ABC-DC02 are unsuccessful.
What action should you take to transfer the Schema Master Operations role to ABC-DC02?

A. Your best option would be to have the dcpromo /adv command executed on ABC-DC02.
B. Your best option would be to have the Schema Master role seized to ABC-DC02.
C. Your best option would be to have Schmmgmt.dll registered on ABC-DC02.
D. Your best option would be to add your user account to the Schema Administrators group.

Answer: B

Explanation: To ensure that ABC-DC02 holds the Schema Master role you need to seize the
Schema Master role on ABC-DC02. Seizing the schema master role is a drastic step that should
be considered only if the current operations master will never be available again. So to transfer the
schema master operations role, you have to seize it on ABC-DC02.
Reference: http://technet2.microsoft.com/windowsserver/en/library/d4301a14-dd18-4b3c-a3ccec9a773f7ffb1033.
mspx?mfr=true

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QUESTION 4
You work as the network administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a single forest.
The forest functional level is set at Windows Server 2008.
The ABC.com network has a Microsoft SQL Server 2005 database server named ABC-DB04 that
hosts the Active Directory Rights Management Service (AD RMS).
You try to access the Active Directory Rights Management Services administration website but
received an error message stating:
“SQL Server does not exist or access is denied.”
How can you access the AD RMS administration website?

A. You need to restart the Internet Information Server (IIS) service and the MSSQLSVC service on
ABC-DB04.
B. You need to install the Active Directory Lightweight Directory Services (AD LDS) on ABC-DB04.
C. You need to reinstall the AD RMS instance on ABC-DB04.
D. You need to reinstall the SQL Server 2005 instance on ABC-DB04.
E. You need to run the DCPRO command on ABC-SR04

Answer: A

Explanation: You need to restart the internet information server (IIS) to correct the problem. The
starting of the MSSQULSVC service will allow you to access the database from AD RMS
administration website.

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QUESTION 5
You work as an enterprise administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a Windows Server 2008 computer named ABC-SR03 that
functions as an Enterprise Root certificate authority (CA).
A new ABC.com security policy requires that revoked certificate information should be available for
examination at all times.
What action should you take adhere to the new policy?

A. This can be accomplished by having a list of trusted certificate authorities published to the
ABC.com domain.
B. This can be accomplished by having the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) responder
implemented.
C. This can be accomplished by having the OCSP Response Signing certificate imported.
D. This can be accomplished by having the Startup Type of the Certificate Propagation service set
to Automatic.
E. This can be accomplished by having the computer account of ABC-SR03 added to the
PGCertificates group.

Answer: B

Explanation: You should use the network load balancing and publish an OCSP responder. This
will ensure that the revoked certificate information will be available at all times. You do not need to
download the entire CRL to check for revocation of a certificate; the OCSP is an online responder
that can receive a request to check for revocation of a certificate. This will also speed up certificate
revocation checking as well as reducing network bandwidth tremendously.

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QUESTION 6
You work as the network administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
ABC.com. All servers on the ABC.com network run Windows Server 2008.
You are responsible for managing two servers ABC-SR01 and ABC-SR02. They are setup with
the following configuration.
ABC-SR01 running Enterprise Root certificate authority (CA)
ABC-SR02 running Online Responder role service
Which of the steps must you perform for configuring the Online Responder to be supported on
ABC-SR01?

A. You should enable the Dual Certificate List extension on ABC-SR01.
B. You should ensure that ABC-SR01 is a member of the CertPublishers group.
C. You should import the OCSP Response Signing certificate to ABC-SR01.
D. You should enable the Authority Information Access (AIA) extension on ABC-SR01.
E. You should run the CERTSRV command on ABC-SR01.

Answer: D

Explanation: In order to configure the online responder role service on ABC-SR01 you need to
configure the AIA extension. The authority information access extension will indicate how to
access CA information and services for the issuer of the certificate in which the extension appears.
Information and services may include on-line validation services and CA policy data. This
extension may be included in subject or CA certificates, and it MUST be non-critical

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QUESTION 7
You work as the network administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
ABC.com. All servers on the ABC.com network run Windows Server 2008 and all client computers
run Windows Vista.
The ABC.com network has a client computer named ABC-WS640 that was last used six months
ago. During the course of the day you attempt to log on to ABC-WS640 but you are unable to
authenticate during the logon process.
What action should you consider in order to log on to ABC-WS640?

A. You should consider opening the command prompt on ABC-WS640 and running the netsh set
machine command.
B. You should consider opening the command prompt on ABC-WS640 and running the repadmin
command.
C. You should consider removing ABC-WS640 from the domain and then rejoining it.
D. You should consider deleting the computer account for ABC-WS640 in Active Directory Users
and Computers, and then recreate the computer account.

Answer: C

Explanation: In the scenario you should have the computer disjoined from the domain and
rejoined to the domain whilst having the computer account reset as well. You should additionally
note that the long inactivity caused the computer to stop responding to the authentication query
using the Active Directory records. You should note by disjoining and rejoining with the account
being reset would refresh the computer account passwords.

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QUESTION 8
You work as an enterprise administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a forest with a
domain named ABC.com.
The ABC.com network has a Windows Server 2008 domain controller named ABC-DC01 that
hosts the Directory Services Recovery Mode (DSRM) role.
What would be the best option to take to have the DSRM password reset?

A. The best option is to open the Active Directory Security for Computers snap-in.
B. The best option is to run the ntdsutil command.
C. The best option is to run the Netsh command.
D. The best option is to open the Domain Controller security snap-in.

Answer: B

Explanation: You should use the ntdsutil utility to reset the DSRM password. You can use
Ntdsutil.exe to reset this password for the server on which you are working, or for another domain
controller in the domain. Type ntdsutil and at the ntdsutil command prompt, type set dsrm
password.
Reference: http://support.microsoft.com/kb/322672

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QUESTION 9
You work as an enterprise administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
ABC.com. All servers on the ABC.com network run Windows Server 2008. ABC.com has two
offices Chicago and Dallas.
The network has the following setup.
Chicago Office – Domain Controller named ABC-DC01
Dallas Office – Read-Only Domain Controller named ABC-DC02
How can you make sure that Dallas Office users use only ABC-DC02 for authentication?

A. You should consider having ABC-DC02 configured as a bridehead server in the Dallas office.
B. You should consider installing and configuring the Password Replication Policy on ABC-DC02.
C. You should consider having ABC-DC01 configured as a bridehead server in the Chicago office.
D. You should consider installing and configuring the Password Replication Policy on ABC-DC01.
E. You should consider having the Global Catalog installed on ABC-DC01.

Answer: B

Explanation: You should use the Password Replication Policy on the RODC. This will allow the
users at the Dallas office to log on to the domain with RODC. RODCs don’t cache any user or
machine passwords.

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QUESTION 10
You work as the network administrator at ABC.com. The ABC.com network has a domain named
intl.ABC.com. All servers on the ABC.com network run Windows Server 2008. The domain
controllers on the ABC.com domain are configured to function as DNS servers.
What action should you take to ensure that computers that are not part of the intl.ABC.com
domain are not able to dynamically register their DNS registration information in the intl.ABC.com zone?

A. You should consider removing the .(root) zone from the intl.ABC.com zone.
B. You should consider running the dnscmd /AgeAllRecords command.
C. You should consider configuring Secure Only dynamic updates.
D. You should consider configuring the intl.ABC.com zone as an Active Directory integrated zone.

Answer: C

Explanation: In order to ensure that only domain members are able to register their DNS records
dynamically you need to set the option Secure only for Dynamic updates. This will only allow the
domain members to register their DNS records dynamically.
Reference:
www.microsoft.com/technet/prodtechnol/windows2000serv/reskit/cnet/cncf_imp_afpf.mspx

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Ballmer: Windows 8 will be 'dawning' for Microsoft slates

Also, Windows 7 shifts 400m licences
Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer says that the Windows 8 operating system will bring about a new dawn for PCs and Windows-powered tablets 70-640 Training .

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Speaking at the Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference (WPC) in Los Angeles, the big man also revealed that Windows 7 has become the fastest selling OS of all time.

He said: “Windows 8 really does represent a true re-imagining of Windows PCs and the dawning of Windows slates.”

Windows CFO Tami Reller added: “We see a future with a heterogeneous enterprise environment of Windows 8 devices and apps alongside Windows 7 PCs and apps.

“At the heart of our ability to deliver Windows 8 is the flexibility Windows has consistently shown; its ability to adapt over time is what ensures Windows will continue to be highly relevant in the future.”

The next Windows 8 announcement will come at Microsoft’s BUILD conference in September this year.

Windows 7 record

Ballmer and Reller were speaking as Microsoft announced that it has sold a whopping 400m Windows 7 licenses, making it the fastest selling OS ever.

The record comes less than two years after Microsoft launched the Windows 7 OS in October 2009, and represents an astonishing comeback for the company following the disaster that was Windows Vista.

On its first birthday in October 2010, Microsoft revealed that 240m licenses had been sold, and that number has continued to rise proportionately by reaching the 400m mark Microsoft Free MCTS Training and MCTS Online Training.

Microsoft in the black after posting strong results

Exceeds expectations but there may be trouble ahead

Microsoft has posted its quarterly financial report, revealing that it made record revenues of $17.4 billion (£10.6 billion) in the three months ending in June 70-640 Training.

The strong results are largely thanks to robust Office and Xbox sales, with profits for the company up by 4 per cent to $6.2 billion (£3.8 billion).

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There was particularly good news from the Xbox and Windows Phone wielding entertainment and devices division, which made nearly $32 million in profit – a far rosier picture than a year ago when it posted massive losses of $172 million.

Party hats all round?

While the champagne corks may be popping at Redmond for now, there could be a bumpy road ahead; the seemingly healthy entertainment and devices department is actually in its second quarter of decline.

Meanwhile, Microsoft’s shares have also fallen over fears that demand for the Windows operating system and associated software is low.

Although the worldwide PC market has grown by nearly 2%, the Windows division’s revenues are down by 1% compared to the same time last year – however, with Windows 8 just around the corner, the situation could be reversed within a year.

Another problem area for Microsoft seems to be the online services department, which includes search engine Bing and all its cloud-based products, where it made a big loss Microsoft Free MCTS Training and MCTS Online Training.

Comparisons to the once-underdog Apple are inevitable; Jobs and co posted net profits of $7.31 billion (£4.53 billion) for the same quarter; not only is that higher than Microsoft’s record report, but Apple’s revenues were a 125 per cent improvement, while Microsoft’s are up only 8 per cent.

Intel Joins the Windows 8 Developer Push

IDF takes place at the same time as BUILD, and the Wintel alliance (for now) is linking arms to reach out to developers Microsoft 70-640 Training .”.

If you’re going to Intel’s Developer Forum next week and want to know what’s up with Windows 8, good news: you don’t have to jet down to Anaheim, Microsoft has got you covered at IDF, too.

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As we all know, the Microsoft BUILD conference takes place next week in Anaheim, California (just across the street from Disneyland). BUILD is a rollup of PDC and WinHEC, so it’s the show for developers to attend. At the same time, Intel is hosting the Intel Developer Forum (IDF) in San Francisco.

This may present a quandary for some people, but thankfully, Microsoft and Intel are coordinating this rather well. For those of you attending IDF, you can get yourself at least some info on Windows 8. As for a beta, well, we still don’t know if one will come out at BUILD (although I’d be shocked if it didn’t happen). The most likely scenario is that you can register to get the beta while at IDF.

The information comes courtesy of Intel’s IDF site, which lists a few notable sessions involving Microsoft (click on the Technical Session Catalog and search for Microsoft). The biggest one comes on Wednesday, where Microsoft will deliver a session on Windows 8 called “Microsoft Windows 8 on Intel Architecture.” This session will be the look at Windows 8 and discuss “the work both companies are undertaking to deliver this new compute experience.”

Most of the sessions are reserved for Thursday, the last day of IDF. I’ve seen how attendance falls off on day 3 of IDF and question whether that’s a good idea, but maybe it was all they had Microsoft Free MCTS Training and MCTS Online Training.

The two companies will host a session called “Hot Topic Q&A: Intel and Microsoft – Windows 8.” Microsoft will have three representatives, Intel will have two engineers.

Another session on Thursday will be “Microsoft Windows Platform Evolution and UEFI Requirements.” UEFI stands for Unified Extensible Firmware Interface and will finally replace the creaky old BIOS firmware that has been in PCs for more than 30 years. The session will talk about the latest Windows 8 platform requirements including UEFI boot and security features.

The final session on Thursday will be “Integrating Intel Platform Capabilities on Microsoft Windows Security Architecture.” Intel will detail improvements in the Windows security architecture and how Intel hardware will work with the next-generation of Windows.

Sure sounds like a beta is coming, doesn’t it?

Hackers stole Google SSL certificate, Dutch firm admits

Chrome and Firefox face updates, Microsoft blacklists firm’s certs in Windows 7 and Vista, but not XP

Computerworld – The Dutch company that issued a rogue digital certificate for all Google Internet domains said today that its network had been hacked last month Microsoft 70-640 Training .”

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DigiNotar, a Dutch certificate authority (CA) that was acquired earlier this year by Chicago-based Vasco, said it was unaware of the breach for more than a week and had overlooked the in-the-wild Google certificate for over a month.

Multiple SSL (secure socket layer) certificates were stolen in the July hack, said DigiNotar.

“On July 19, 2011, DigiNotar detected an intrusion into its Certificate Authority (CA) infrastructure, which resulted in the fraudulent issuance of public key certificate requests for a number of domains, including Google.com,” the company said in a statement on Tuesday.

“At that time, an external security audit concluded that all fraudulently issued certificates were revoked. Recently, it was discovered that at least one fraudulent certificate had not been revoked at the time,” said DigiNotar, referring to the certificate valid for all Google properties.

The company did not provide any additional information about the intrusion, such as the origin of the attack or the number of certificates that had been issued to the intruders. DigiNotar has not replied to Computerworld’s questions.

Today, however, a DigiNotar spokesman told Jeremy Kirk of the IDG News Service — like Computerworld, part of IDG — that “several dozen” certificates had been generated by the hackers.

DigiNotar’s timeline shows that the company was unaware of the hack for over a week: The Google certificate was issued July 10, according to information posted to Pastebin.com last Saturday. DigiNotar did not revoke the Google certificate until Monday, Aug. 29.

Fraudulently-acquired certificates are dangerous because they can be used by criminals to conduct “man-in-the-middle” attacks targeting users of legitimate online services and websites. The fake Google certificate, for example, was used by attackers to target Iranian users of the Mountain View, Calif.-based search giant’s services, Google said late Monday.

The DigiNotar hack was the second breach of a certificate-issuing firm since March, when Comodo admitted that hackers had used an account assigned to a company partner in southern Europe.to acquire nine certificates for some of the Web’s biggest sites, including Google and Gmail, Microsoft, Skype and Yahoo Microsoft Free MCTS Training and MCTS Online Training.

Initially, Comodo argued that Iran’s government may have been involved in the theft. Days later, however, a solo Iranian hacker claimed responsibility for stealing the SSL certificates.

On Monday, Google pointed a finger at Iran in the DigiNotar hack, saying that attacks using the ill-gotten certificate had targeted Iranian users.

Over the past 24 hours, Google, Microsoft and Mozilla have taken steps to block the rogue certificate.

Google will update Chrome “very soon,” said a company spokesman today, to block all DigiNotar-issued certificates “while investigations continue.”

Microsoft's 5 biggest weaknesses

Search, mobile devices, the Web and even the desktop represent challenges for Redmond

For all its success as the world's biggest maker of PC operating systems and office programs, Microsoft's position as the dominant provider of software to consumers is at risk.

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While Windows still powers the vast majority of desktops and laptops, the emergence of mobile devices and increasing reliance on the Internet have shown consumers and businesses alike that much of what we call personal computing can be done without touching a single Microsoft product.

COMPETITION: Microsoft's top 12 rivals

Microsoft is still a giant, with $70 billion in annual revenue and an amazing 11 products that earn at least $1 billion a year. But it faces challenges in search, Web browsing, mobile devices, Web server software, and even the desktop operating system market.

In this article, we will examine what we think are Microsoft's five biggest weaknesses, a list we came up with in conjunction with the analyst firm Directions on Microsoft. We provided the list and supporting facts to Microsoft's public relations firm on Aug. 15. Microsoft declined to make executives available for interviews, but provided responses to some of our questions via email. We'll include Microsoft responses at the end of each section.
1. Search

Let's start with the easy one. If you use the word "Google" as a verb, you know how far Microsoft's own Bing search engine has to travel before it can be called a success. Microsoft's earnings reports break the business down into five product divisions, and the Online Services Division powered by Bing and MSN is the only one that consistently loses money, including $2.6 billion lost over the past 12 months.

Bing, which also powers Yahoo and offers a fancy iPad app, often gets high marks in studies that rate the effectiveness of search engines, yet Google captures about two-thirds of U.S. market share and more than 80% of the global market.

Microsoft rarely masks its hatred of all things Google, which makes most of its money on search advertising while investing in other products that eat into Microsoft market share, like Chrome and Android.

But with Bing, "They're so far behind, it's a long slog," says Wes Miller, a former Microsoft Windows program manager who is now research vice president at Directions on Microsoft. "People innately think of Google for search. How do you replace Kleenex? They're going to have to keep burning money for the foreseeable future until they can come up with something that out-Googles Google."

Microsoft cares about search because of advertising revenue, and also because Google has become synonymous with the Internet in almost the same way Microsoft became synonymous with personal computers.

Microsoft's response: "This is a long-term game for Bing," Microsoft said via email. "Bing continues to be focused on creating a great consumer experience, solid execution and steady market share growth. The most recent comScore market share report shows that Bing is continuing to make gains in the U.S., reaching 14.4 percent explicit core search share in June. Overall, Bing increased market share by more than 50 percent since launch."

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Microsoft says Google Chrome Frame doubles IE attack surface

Summary: Google’s decision to introduce a plug-in that runs Google Chrome inside Microsoft’s Internet Explorer isn’t sitting well with the folks at Redmond.

Google’s decision to introduce a plug-in that runs Google Chrome inside Microsoft’s Internet Explorer isn’t sitting well with the folks at Redmond.

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The Google Chrome Frame, which is presented as a seamless way to bring Google Chrome’s open web technologies and speedy JavaScript engine to Internet Explorer, has increased the attack surface for IE users, Microsoft said today.

Here’s Microsoft’s official reaction:

“With Internet Explorer 8, we made significant advancements and updates to make the browser safer for our customers. Given the security issues with plug-ins in general and Google Chrome in particular, Google Chrome Frame running as a plug-in has doubled the attach area for malware and malicious scripts. This is not a risk we would recommend our friends and families take. For a deeper look at how the browsers stack up in security, take a look at the latest phishing and malware data from NSS Labs.”

iPhone 5 rumor rollup for the week ending Aug. 26

Next Apple iPhone on sale in October, new parts, new carriers, and Steve Jobs' PR plot

Of course this would mean bad news for another persistent rumor, Wauters notes: that iPhone 5 will run on LTE networks.

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And yet ...

iPhone 5 with LTE rumor persists.

A site called iPhone5Release.org apparently didn't read Wauters. It picked up on last week's "evidence" by some iOS developers sifting through the latest beta release of iOS 5, finding references there to LTE.

The post urges readers to "sit tight and keep your fingers crossed that Apple does decide to include support for the incredibly fast 4G LTE networks in the upcoming iPhone 5 handset."

Because that would be magical.

Sprint will finally offer the iPhone, and it will be iPhone 5.

Sprint will begin selling the new version of the Apple iPhone in mid-October, according to The Wall Street Journal, citing "people familiar with the matter."

REPORT: Sprint will get the iPhone 5 in October

That's in keeping with the AT&T-related rumor regarding iPhone 5 availability. It also indicates, the Journal says, that iPhone 5 will be "too late to contribute to sales in Apple's fiscal fourth quarter, which ends in September." Not that Apple, which has been reporting record revenues and profits quarter after quarter, will be much affected by that delay.

As the Journal notes, "Landing the iPhone is a big win for Sprint, whose results have suffered without being able to sell the trend-setting device." The iPhone has driven AT&T sales since it was introduced in 2007 and Verizon Wireless began selling iPhone 4 in February 2011.

Sprint itself is convinced that the lack of an iPhone offering has been hurtful. "In the second quarter, Sprint blamed a decline in its contract subscribers on more pronounced 'competitive headwinds,' most prominently, 'the first full quarter both major competitors offered the iPhone,'" the Journal says. The carrier reportedly will also be offering the iPhone 4, according to one source.

And it's coming to T-Mobile T-oo!

A site called MacTrast claims, based on a "contact within T-Mobile who claims to have been briefed on the matter," that T-Mobile also will be selling the iPhone 5 and it will run at 3G speeds on what T-Mobile claims is its nationwide "4G" network.

According to MacTrast, unlocked iPhone models are limited to the 2G T-Mobile connections today.

Then, MacTrast draws some rather far-fetched conclusions: The T-Mobile iPhone 5 "could indicate that the iPhone 5 could launch as an unlocked [emphasis added] phone capable of use on any network, without containing any carrier restrictions." Or it could mean that four U.S. carriers are offering the same phone, locked to their respective networks. Adding a fourth carrier, and its chain of retail centers, somehow also "would serve to ease Apple's shipping and distribution."

Facebook, Twitter light up with Hurricane Irene data

Officials, residents take to social networks to talk about how to deal with impending storm
Computerworld - As people up and down the East Coast of the United States prepare for Hurricane Irene, social networks are being used to get the word out about its path and how best to deal with it.

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Federal agencies, disaster relief organizations and state governments have taken to Facebook and Twitter to warn people about the track of the approaching storm. The organizations are also using social sites to announce evacuation plans and discuss how best to safely ride out the storm.

This should come as no surprise -- earlier this week the American Red Cross reported that people are increasingly turning to social networks for information about approaching storms and other natural disasters.

The Red Cross report also noted that people are increasingly using sites like Facebook, Twitter and Google+ to make pleas for assistance during a crisis, as well as to alert loved ones that they're safe.

And as Hurricane Irene approaches the East Coast, the Red Cross has created a Facebook photo album of people are preparing for Hurricane Irene.

And Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell today used Facebook to warn residents to take "seriously the need to prepare for this significant storm and to ready their families, homes and communities for possible evacuation." Similarly, Newark, N.J. Mayor Cory Booker posted on Facebook a video of a press conference he held to talk about the storm.

New Jersey Governor Chris Christie turned to Twitter to alert his constituents that he was planning a news conference on hurricane preparedness.

And the New York Times is using Twitter to show a list on Twitter of hurricane-related information and resources. The list includes links to weather forecasts, lists of evacuation centers and bus service changes and delays.

Sharon Gaudin covers the Internet and Web 2.0, emerging technologies, and desktop and laptop chips for Computerworld. Follow Sharon on Twitter at Twitter@sgaudin, or subscribe to Sharon's RSS feed Gaudin RSS. Her e-mail address is sgaudin@computerworld.com.

Remembering Windows XP

First in a series. It was an innocent time. There was fun, fanfare and pride. Thousands of people worked together to complete something that would affect billions of lives -- that would be the most successful product of its kind. Ever. Eighteen days later the world they knew changed.

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Ten years ago today, Aug. 24, 2001, in Redmond Washington, Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates and Jim Allchin, then vice president of the platforms group, officially released to manufacturing Windows XP. The RTM marked a huge achievement for Microsoft, which finally had a consumer operating system based on the NT kernel. Windows XP marked the end of the DOS/Windows 9x legacy and the beginning of a new lineage of Microsoft operating systems, continuing the path paved by Windows 2000 some 18 months earlier.

Dark clouds hung over Windows XP, however. In April 2000, US District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson ordered Microsoft to be broken into separate desktop software and operating systems companies. A year later, an appeals court rescinded the breakup order but returned the case to a new judge. Some kind of penalty awaited Microsoft.

Meanwhile, the United States was griped in recession, following the dot-com collapse and Enron debacle. PC sales plummeted. If Microsoft was looking for about the worst time conceivable to launch Windows XP, this was it. Gartner sales projections for Windows XP were downright glum, for example.

Microsoft's Pride

But on this sunny day, one where stereotypical Seattle rain threatened to ruin festivities, those dark clouds seemed distant. Gates and Allchin gathered with other Microsoft employees, OEM partners and loads of journalists (Bloggers? Forbid! Not in 2001!) -- there was the ceremonial signing of gold code, placed in a briefcase and flown off by helicopter. Gates and Allchin looked hopeful during the RTM event, like proud fathers sending children off to the first day of school.

Timing was not coincidental. Microsoft had drawn a straight line from August 24 to September 24 to October 25 -- the latter two dates, respectively, when the first Windows XP PCs would go on sale and the software would officially launch in a big gala. That's right, new XP PCs preceded the official release by a month.

Microsoft and its partners planned to spend $1 billion promoting Windows XP. There would be multiple launch events around the globe, with the main one in New York City.

But darker clouds loomed unseen. On Sept. 11, 2001, terrorists flew highjacked jetliners into the World Trade Center's Twin Towers and into the US Pentagon. The collective American psyche entered a period of shock and mourning. An economy already ravaged by recession tumbled into despair. Microsoft couldn't respectively or in any way conceivably continue the big Windows XP launch event as planned.

Event organizers wisely chose to keep New York as the launch venue. Mayor Rudolph Giuliani welcomed Microsoft warmly. The city needed something to cheer the gloom, and revenues and tax sales dollars couldn't hurt either. So Giuliani joined Gates on Oct. 25, 2001, to officially launch Windows XP. There was a muted and respectful celebration. Microsoft's most important operating system ever debuted in the midst of uncertainty -- about America's future, the state of its economy and even Microsoft's fate before US District Judge Colleen Kollar-Kotelly.

A Reliable, Workhorse

Windows XP wasn't an exceptional operating system so much as a reliable one. Particularly after the release of Service Pack 2, which was more of a new release than an update, XP found its place as the world's workhorse operating system. SP2 appeared in early August 2004, nearly four years after Windows XP RTM.

"Old Reliable" brought tremendous stability to the PC marketplace. No Microsoft operating system stayed in service so long without a replacement. Two-and-a-half years would pass before successor Windows Vista launched, in separate November 2006 and January 2007 events. By then, Windows XP was so widely used, so widely supported by applications, peripherals and other third-party products, Vista struggled to find support from anybody.

Microsoft made architectural changes that required developers to adapt their applications, but few seemed interested. Why should they? Windows XP's install base was enormous -- the OS paid the bills. Windows Vista was a marketing disaster, and for many reasons, but one of the most overlooked is Windows XP's success. The operating system had achieved the so-called "good enough" threshold, which coupled with the stable ecosystem created a competitive barrier for Vista like earlier Windows versions posed to other developers' operating systems. How ironic!

When Windows 7 shipped in September 2009, more than 80 percent of Microsoft's desktop OS install base was on XP. A stunning achievement.

All this started 10 years ago today.

Here at BetaNews we stop to celebrate Windows XP and to remember this remarkably successful workhorse OS. Today and over the next few, we will share recollections of Windows XP. Some are ours, some are yours and others'. If you have a Windows XP memory to share, there's still time -- in comments to this story or by emailing joe at betanews dot com.

A case against tools

3rd party tools don't do much for me, how about you?
One of the biggest businesses in IT is 3rd party tools. And the DB market has almost more than I can even count. We've got tools for everything from backups to security and defrag. It's amazing how many of those things there are. And one of the questions I'm asked the most when I get mobbed by users at conferences is which tools do I use in my shop. What do I use for backup? What do I use for monitoring? What do I use for maintenance? And much more.

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My answer is always the same no matter where I'm working. I use the Microsoft native tools. Now, I get ragged on sometimes for this because the MS tools are so base level, and don't offer hardly any advanced functionality so apparently I'm missing out on a lot. However, this is a topic I have a lot to say about and while I'm not going to launch into the full discussion, I am going to hit the highlights.

Ok so why don't I use 3rd party tools? Well, one of the biggest reasons is because they're typically not nearly as advanced as they would have you believe. Most of the time I find that whenever a company pitches an app to me it always falls just short of useful. So let's take for example a monitoring app that was pitched to me a while back. I'm of course, not going to mention any names here because it's not that kind of blog. It had a lovely interface with really nice graphs though. And it was fairly easy to configure and setup alerts. The historical piece of it was also pretty easy to work with and after learning just a couple tricks in the interface, it was fairly intuitive so I could narrow down the graphs to the exact time I was looking for very easily. However, it stopped there. On the surface it would seem like this is an excellent tool that any shop would welcome, but it isn't until you have enough experience to know what to look for that you realize that you don't want to manage your servers in this tool. For starters, while it's easy to configure, that's only for a single box. The configurations you setup for that box don't transfer to other boxes, so you have to configure each one individually. That's no way to manage a large environment. I don't know about you, but I don't have time to click through the same settings on all 700 of my servers. As well, while it is easy to configure and report on, you can't add counters to the collection. It comes with a set of counters that you can choose from, but if you're interested in a counter that's not included, you're out of luck. And I found that some of the counters I look at all the time for SQL Server aren't in the list. So I'd have to go outside the tool to get the other counters I'm looking for anyway. And what would be the point in that? And I really find that every tool has something wrong with it that makes me have to work around something.

The next big reason I use MS tools is that they're with me at every job. When I was young in this field I used to love the 3rd party tools. I would go out of my way to make sure my boss would buy whatever tools I liked working with. However, quite often I would find that the company either already had something in place (quite often one I wasn't that fond of), or they didn't have budget for tools. So now what do I do? I really love this one tool, but the company refuses to get it for me (for whatever reason). But whatever I write using the MS tools can be carried from job to job because they come with the products and they don't cost anything. So now I've got tools that I know how to use, and they can travel with me wherever I go.

Another reason is that even if the settings for a tool can be configured against groups of servers, your preferences can't easily be moved to another shop. So maybe you've got a specific set of counters you like to see by default, and specific thresholds. You have to set that up manually in your new shop. And if you're like me, you almost never use the default configs for any product so setting them up manually can be a chore. Personally, I like having to do as little as possible when I move to a new gig.

So while the MS tools don't have much to them, that only means that you can do whatever you like and actually keep your efforts. Whatever you do to manage your environment, you can use it in every new job, and your default settings stay intact. And now you've got a solid tool that you know inside and out and you can make any change to it you like. And one of the best aspects of it is you can write it in whatever you like. So if you're a C# guy, then do your stuff in C#. If you're a powershell guy, do what you like, etc. You're the boss. I've never failed to take my monitoring system to a new job and get it up and running in no time at all. I've had to completely rewrite it a couple times as I noticed I hadn't taken some big things into account, but that's what it's all about. It's all mine. And I can add features as I see fit. For me, managing an environment doesn't get any better than that.

Totally agree. I often find that these tools, at least when it comes to SQL Server, offer very little beyond a wrapper and new GUI around the built in functionality. I've even found it easier to set up certain things with the built in tools once you know how they work and have scripts written. The people who relied on these tools tended to use them as a crutch to analyze or do things that they didn't understand.

Adobe Edge HTML5 Developer News

Adobe Edge is the newest software package from Adobe which allows anyone to create animations on their website using HTML5, CSS, and Javascript. This tool is supposed to be very simple, as in it allows any user without in-depth HTML5 programming knowledge to add special effects to their website. This is done via a timeline in the software. Users can drag-and-drop graphics onto the design canvas, customize the timeline, and create streamline animated effects. This software is the first showing from Adobe that they are looking into the future and possibly away from solely using Flash for animations and interactive content.

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Adobe has been highly criticized about its insistence that Flash is still the standard and their inability to adapt to growing web standards as more people use Apple iOS products which do not support flash. The lack of flash support on those devices has made many web developers reconsider what technology they use to design websites, advertisements, and interactive content. Adobe says that Edge is not a replacement of Flash, but that it is a companion. Adobe has recently been upgrading their design suite software, such as Dreamweaver, to allow customization via more modern web functions and an easy flash integrator, to keep up with the times.

The Adobe Edge software will allow developers to add animations to existing websites, without causing any distress in the code and requiring a re-working of the source code. This is a solid feature in that it allows anyone who already has a website to simply make it more attractive and noticeable without a major website overhaul. The only current issue is related to how web browsers handle the code. Not every web browser yet fully supports HTML5 and CSS3 in its entirety. One would imagine that by the time Adobe Edge is fully released that these web browsers will be more geared with new code technology.

The largest benefit of Adobe Edge is that by using HTML5 instead of Flash to animate simple effects on web pages, loading times will be reduced. Many Americans still do not have access to high-speed internet, and not all Flash sites offer a standard HTML version. With Adobe Edge’s powerful effects, web developers can use standard web technology to implement them and in turn reduce the amount of bandwidth needed to load a web page. One of the largest causes for bounce-rates on a webpage is that the site never fully loads or loads too slow.

Adobe Edge is set for release sometime during the 2012 year. Currently, Adobe Edge has been released in Beta to anyone who wants to download and try it. The software can be found on Adobe Labs website. Early reviews are extremely positive and the future outlook for the Edge software is looking bright. Adobe Edge Tutorials will be making their appearance once web developers get more experienced with the software and find out how to use it to its fullest potential. One would imagine with the apparent simplicity of the software that Adobe Edge tutorials will allow the most novice of website developers to get their hands dirty and create stunning websites with great eye candy.

With SSL, who can you really trust?

Researchers come up with new schemes to shore up SSL authentication

SSL the encryption scheme that protects virtually all secure online transaction, requires that users rely on trusted third parties, but what if they can't be trusted?

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Well, it turns out they can't be, as demonstrated earlier this year by the breach linked to trusted third party Comodo, but researchers are fashioning new trust models for SSL that they say are much less susceptible to being compromised.

One proposal, called Perspectives, is being vetted by a team at Carnegie Mellon University, and a second, called Convergence, is also being run through its paces by Moxie Marlinspike, a fellow at the Institute for Disruptive Studies, a lab devoted to privacy, anonymity and computer security.

MORE SSL: Researchers' SSL offloader costs fraction of commercial hardware

Their schemes are similar and call for shifting the authentication of SSL-protected Web servers from browsers and certificate authorities to a new entity called a notary.

Traditionally, when a browser wants to set up an SSL session with a server, it asks for the server's SSL certificate. The browser verifies the authenticity of the certificate by checking whether it has been signed by a root certificate authority that the browser trusts. In practice, the browser may rely directly on other certificate authorities that are ultimately vouched for by the root authority.

This creates a chain of trust that branches off from a root authority to authorities it trusts to authorities they trust.

If any link in one of these chains of trust is compromised, attackers could acquire false certificates for sites. These invalid certificates could be used to trick browsers into trusting them, and that sets browser-to-server communications up for man-in-the-middle attacks.

That is the scenario in the Comodo breach, in which one of its trusted partners issued nine phony certificates.

With Perspectives and Convergence, rather than relying on certificate authorities and the root certificates that ship with browsers, trust is placed on a notary. Notaries are servers that routinely check and record what certificates Web servers present over time.

When a browser receives a certificate from a server, it doesn't seek confirmation that the certificate is linked to a root authority. Instead, it asks a notary whether it matches the certificate that the server has been regularly issuing over a period of time. If so, that is a good indication that it is a legitimate certificate for that site.

The upside is that this kind of trust model doesn't rely on a small static set of certificate authorities, says David Andersen, an assistant professor at Carnegie Mellon's computer science department, who heads up the Perspectives project. "You don't put all your eggs in one basket," he says. "We run all the Perspectives notaries, so you end up trusting us. We don't like that."

So he hopes that in a fully deployed architecture, major corporations -- Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, Verisign -- as well as smaller companies and individuals would set up notaries. Notaries could share the data they gather. "As long as they all agree, then that site is OK. You can trust the accumulated results," he says. Users get a statistical, probabilistic verification of a certificate's authenticity, he says.

Lesson 2 Review

1. What is the function of an MMC? Why is it necessary to create customized MMCs?

The MMC is a tool used to create, save, and open collections of administrative tools, which are called consoles. The console does not provide management functions itself, but is the program that hosts management applications called snap-ins. You create custom MMCs to perform a unique set of administrative tasks.

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2. What is a snap-in?

Snap-ins are programs used by administrators to manage network services.

3. What is the function of a console tree?

A console tree displays the hierarchical organization of the snap-ins contained with an MMC.

4. What are extensions?

Extensions are snap-ins that provide additional administrative functionality to another snap-in.

5. Which of the following console mode types allows users to create new windows

in the console?

a. Author mode

b. User mode—full access

c. User mode—limited access, multiple window

d. User mode—limited access, single window

The correct answer is a. Author mode allows users to add or remove snap-ins, create new windows in the console, view all portions of the console tree, and save MMCs.

Microsoft MCITP online Certification

Microsoft has created amazing new technologies that is implemented in many organization that is helping them to run their business more effectively, it mean’s that there are new opportunities for new jobs and skills personals that are able to run these advanced applications, the most in demand professionals now are days MCITP training this certification has beaten the recession there are lots of job demand in many organizations around the world, included DUBAI, USA, EUROPE, China, India, Japan, Australia, across every where. MCITP offers different fields of specialization to IT professionals. You can choose whatever certification you want to get. According to statistics, there are already millions of professionals with this IT diploma. There’s no need to worry about getting a job in the future because Microsoft has developed a scheme by dividing the programs according to its specialization. So the competition will still remain less even if there are already numerous IT associates worldwide. You can choose from becoming a Business Intelligence Developer, Consumer Support Technician, Database Developer, Database Administrator, Enterprise Messaging Administrator, Enterprise Support Technician, Server Administrator and others.

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Most IT professionals look for this document in determining the perfect candidate for the job vacancy. It’s better if you have newer certification because it speaks of fresher learning and knowledge, which is needed in the business today.

One leading industry that dictated the evolution of computers and the likes is none other than Microsoft. The rise of the IT industry is unstoppable at present. The said industry has created lots of opportunities through the development of its certification programs. They are specially designed to enhance the technical skills of these IT associates. With the growth of MCITP or Microsoft Certified IT Professional in this business many professionals will have the chance to follow a certain path for their desired jobs. Wherein they can function well and display their knowledge and expertise.

MCITP offers different fields of specialization to IT professionals. You can choose whatever MCITP certification you want to get. According to statistics, there are already millions of professionals with this IT diploma. There’s no need to worry about getting a job in the future because Microsoft has developed a scheme by dividing the programs according to its specialization. So the competition will still remain less even if there are already numerous IT associates worldwide. You can choose from becoming a Business Intelligence Developer, Consumer Support Technician, Database Developer, Database Administrator, Enterprise Messaging Administrator, Enterprise Support Technician, Server Administrator and others.

Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP)
Earn the Microsoft Certified IT Professional (MCITP) credential so you can highlight your field of expertise. Now you can distinguish yourself as an IT professional with the current skills and proven job-role capabilities to work effectively with a comprehensive set of Microsoft technologies.

• MCITP: Business Intelligence Developer
• MCITP: Business Intelligence Developer 2008
• MCITP: Consumer Support Technician
• MCITP: Database Developer
• MCITP: Database Developer 2008
• MCITP: Database Administrator
• MCITP: Database Administrator 2008
• MCITP: Enterprise Messaging Administrator
• MCITP: Enterprise Project Management with Microsoft Office Project Server 2007
• MCITP: Enterprise Support Technician
• MCITP: Enterprise Administrator
• MCITP: Server Administrator

MCITP is a good way of getting to the core of information technology. But just like any other training programs you should take the entry-level first. Some take this as a challenge and sooner or later they will climb up the ranks and achieve the certification that they deserve. From there, you can take other certifications and there are available guides that can help you choose the best path. Pick the program that you’re interested in but make sure you have the set of skills that can back you up later on. There are myriad of choices catered to you so it’s best to compare first and see what kind of certification will benefit you the most in the future.

Microsoft does not only create opportunities they also show their support in cultivating the skills of these people. They offer the best learning experience that includes exceptional study material, computer training, classroom training and as well as online classes. Whatever certification you choose, you will still get this kind of treatment. They want only the best for soon to be professionals like you so they’re putting their best effort to make the training efficient in many ways. You may want to go directly to their website to see the different kinds of MCITP certifications that they offer.

If you have a certification from Microsoft then you’ll have greater chances for greener pasteur. Most IT professionals look for this document in determining the perfect candidate for the job vacancy. It’s better if you have newer certification because it speaks of fresher learning and knowledge, which is needed in the business today. Even if you have a solid background in IT and you have a good number of recommendations, these things will not work out. MICTP certificate is the only solution for a much better job. Refresh your skills and enhance your skills now if you want to reach the top of the ladder in the IT industry.

Upgrading From the MCSE

MCSE is absolutely a great certification to have on your Curriculum Vitae. It demonstrates to employers that you know how to practically design and implement infrastructure for Windows Server 2003 and 2000 for business solutions. If you have already taken the full certification, it's easy for you to upgrade onto other I.T paths by taking one or two exams, rather than 7 now. Here we will talk about upgrading form MCSE.

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You can obtain all three MCTS for your area by completing the upgrade 70-649 exam, which upgrades your MCSE to Windows Server 2008 - the newest server. To obtain two MCTS on the 2008 version of Windows Server, you can also take the upgrade 70-648 exam. Taking these two exams will update your skills to the new programs and demonstrate your willingness to specialize.

Only you have already taken the MCSE, the updated version, which looked at Windows Server 2003, it's not hard for you to upgrade to a few chosen paths. Upgrading will help you flourish in your career by opening up more opportunities, further validate your skills, demonstrate your commitment to the job as well.

70-649 exam is a prerequisite before you take the MCITP Enterprise Administrator upgrade exam while you need three MCTS, two of which you will have obtained whilst completing your MCSE and the other from 70-649, which upgrades you to Windows Server Technology Specialist of 2008. To upgrade for the MCITP Server Administrator, you are required to complete both MCTS (exam 70-649 and 70-648) to update you technology specialist certification to Windows Server of 2008.

In order to upgrade your MCSE certification to the MCITP Administrator completely, you need to take one of the following exams:

(1) Deploying and maintaining Windows Vista Client and 2007 Microsoft Office Systems Desktops (Exam 70-624).
(2) Configuring Windows Vista Client (Exam 70-620 ).
(3) Windows 7 Configuration (Exam 70-680).

To finish all you need for the MCITP Server Administrator, all you need to do after gaining the two MCTS is take the 'Windows Server 2008 Server Administrator' exam (70-646). One of these exams is then taken with 70-647 'Windows Server 2008, enterprise Administrator' in order for you to gain the full MCITP Enterprise Administrator qualification. So, now you all are clear about Upgrading From the MCSE? Hope the post above can help you know more about MCSE.

The Demise of the MCSE

Microsoft's barrage of Windows Server 2008 marks yet addition above server operating arrangement which will crave a accomplished new set of skills. The absolution of Server 2008 aswell comes with an check of the Microsoft acceptance program. If you're an accustomed MCSE exams, get accessible for some above changes. Did you apperceive that the MCSE as we apperceive it is traveling away? In its abode comes the MCTS certification. For example, titles such as MCTS: Windows Server 2008 - Network Infrastructure Configuration and MCTS: Windows Server 2008 - Application Platform Configuration are advised to appearance off your specific abstruse skills. Wondering what the new Windows Server 2008 acceptance affairs has in abundance for you? Here's an overview of the new Windows Server 2008 acceptance affairs as it relates to the MCSE professionals. Changes are aswell in abundance for MCPs and MCSAs.

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Microsoft is afterlight the absolute acceptance affairs with abstruse changes for MCSEs complex in Windows Server 2008. The new affairs offers two tracks: Technology Alternation and Professional Series. For those gluttonous a MCTS certification, the Technology Alternation is the clue that validates abstruse accomplishment in a specific abstruse area. For example, a MCTS can specialize in Vista or .NET Framework 2.0. MCTS accreditation are acutely focused with an accent on technology. The Professional Alternation break down into two branches: IT Professional mcsa and Professional Developer. Since the majority of acceptable MCSEs don't about accompany the Developer track, we'll focus on the IT Professional certifications. These accreditation acquiesce you to authenticate your abilities to accomplish a specific job such as a Server Administrator.

When you auspiciously acquire your IT Professional certification, you acquire the appellation of Microsoft Certified IT Professional, or MCITP. To acquire an MCITP, you accept to aswell accept becoming the agnate MCTS acceptance in the agnate Microsoft product. Expect to canyon amid one to three exams for anniversary breadth of specialization. Two Professional Certifications will acceptable address to a lot of MCSEs: Server Administrator and Enterprise Administrator.

Each will crave MCTS training and MCITP training as able-bodied as casual a alternation of exams as apparent below: Server Administrator 70-642: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuring (MCTS) 70-640: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory, Configuring (MCTS) 70-646: Windows Server 2008 Administrator (MCITP) Enterprise Administrator 70-620: Configuring Microsoft Windows Vista Client or 70-624: TS: Deploying and Maintaining Windows Vista Client and 2007 Microsoft Office Arrangement Desktops (MCTS) 70-643: Windows Server 2008 Applications Platform, Configuring (MCTS) 70-642: Windows Server 2008 Network Infrastructure Configuring (MCTS) 70-640: Windows Server 2008 Active Directory, Configuring (MCTS) 70-647: Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Administrator (MCITP).

Google Working with Microsoft to Curb MHTML Exploit

Google noticed an increase in attacks on Microsoft Windows and Internet Explorer machines and is working with its rival to mitigate the MHTML exploit, which targets political activists.

Google said it is working with Microsoft to patch a hole in the Windows operating system hackers are trying to exploit to target activists, among other users.

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The search engine, which called the attacks "highly targeted and apparently politically motivated," said the perpetrator(s) abuses a known vulnerability Microsoft treated with a temporary patch in late January.

Update: Google would not reveal which activists have been targeted or the origin of the attacks.

The bug lies in the MHTML (MIME Encapsulation of Aggregate HTML) protocol handler on Windows XP and later Windows versions, and is exploited as a cross-site scripting attack when users surf the Web with Microsoft's Internet Explorer browser.

An attacker could leverage the hole by writing an HTML link designed to trigger a malicious script and convince the targeted user to click it.

The exploit can be used to run JavaScript code on IE, giving an attacker a way to access user information stored in the browser and trick users into installing malicious code.

Microsoft issued this fix for the security flaw in January, but the flaw is being used to target political activists and even users on at least one popular social Website, Google said.

Google's security engineers recommend users, including businesses whose computers use IE, run Microsoft's Fixit solution on their computers to block this attack until permanent patch is available.

For its part, Google said it has set up several server-side defenses to protect users of its own Web services against the MHTML exploit.

"That said, these are not tenable long-term solutions, and we can't guarantee them to be 100 percent reliable or comprehensive," Google's security team wrote in a blog post March 11. "We're working with Microsoft to develop a comprehensive solution for this issue."

That Google is working directly with rival Microsoft is a testament to the seriousness of the issue. Rivalries tend to get placed on the backburner where computer security is concerned, but the joint effort certainly underscores the companies' shared concern.

Indeed, Google said the abuse of this vulnerability represents a new quality in the exploitation of Web-level vulnerabilities. The company said such attacks previously focused on directly compromising users' systems, as opposed to leveraging vulnerabilities to interact with Web services.

Top 8 ways feds (and corporate users) can take advantage of green IT

GAO report outlines key federal green IT initiatives
How does the federal government go about implementing green IT? According to a report out today from the Government Accountability Office, the feds have adopted a number of practices that are useful not just for government IT but all manner of private and public company IT groups as well. These include everything from dedicated funding for green products, to improved employee training and reducing use of paper.

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BACKGROUND: 25 tech touchstones of the past 25 years

From the GAO report, here's a green IT roadmap:

1. Utilize new IT tools, such as thin client technology. An alternative to the use of desktops that is gaining attention is the use of thin client technology. The Department of State, by the end of fiscal year 2010, replaced 8,187 standard desktop computers with thin clients, providing annual reported energy savings of 630,399 kilowatt hours and emission savings of 422.7 tons of carbon dioxide, an environmental impact equivalent to planting 1,900 trees or powering 71 households year round.

2. Implement print management actions beyond duplex printing. Using responses obtained from its 2009 survey of federal employees, an IT provider estimated that the federal government spends about $1.3 billion annually on employee printing, and about one-third of that total, or about $440.4 million per year, is spent on unnecessary printing. The survey indicated that 89% of federal employees report that their agencies do not have formal printing policies in place -- for example, according to federal employees, just 20% of agencies have restrictions on color printing; only 11% of agencies have policies dictating when to print or not to print; and only 5% of agencies require personal password codes to print. In the non-federal sector, Hewlett-Packard implemented managed print services that reportedly allowed a customer to reduce the number of printers by 47% globally, cut per-page print costs by up to 90% and save more than $3 million in two years in the United States alone. In addition, California implemented the Go-Online program as an alternative to mainframe printing, reportedly reducing the number of pages printed by 54 million and reducing costs by $700,000 annually.

3. Consolidate and standardize IT equipment and services. In an earlier 2011 report, the GAO found because procurement at federal departments and agencies is decentralized, the federal government is not fully leveraging its aggregate buying power to obtain the most advantageous terms and conditions for its procurements. The report also stated that applying strategic sourcing best practices throughout the federal procurement system could produce significant savings. Similarly, according to a 2010 report by a private-sector IT council, the federal government's costs of operating IT systems are higher than they need to be, in some cases by more than a factor of two. The report estimated that at least 20% to 30% of the more than $70 billion spent annually on IT assets could be eliminated by reducing overhead, consolidating data centers, eliminating redundant networks and standardizing applications. Therefore, the report recommended that the federal government consolidate IT infrastructure. In the non-federal sector, the IT council report indicated that IBM had cut its overall IT expenses in half over the past five years through consolidation and standardization. In addition, the National Association of State Chief Information Officers (NASCIO) identified consolidation/optimization, through centralizing or consolidating services, operations, resources, infrastructure and data centers, as its No. 1 priority for 2011.